аЯрЁБс>ўџ )+ўџџџ(џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅС#` №ПШbjbjЁЁ .УУШ џџџџџџЄЄЄЄЄЄЄЄИ|||| ˆИ3 ЖЈЈЈЈЈЈЈЈж и и и и и и щ hQ:и ЄїЈЈїїи ЄЄЈЈэ г г г ї ЄЈЄЈж г їж г г N ЄЄš Јœ @:З,РбЧ| f ж  03 n ,‹ В‹š ‹Єš <Ј0и"г њсЈЈЈи и Н ЈЈЈ3 їїїїИИИФ|ИИИ|ИИИЄЄЄЄЄЄџџџџ Letter to Nick Ross, 16th July 2007 I am writing in response to your G2 interview with Marine Hyde (QT 12/7/07). From this address it is not really practicable to get letters to newspapers sufficiently quickly for publication so I hope you do not mind my writing to you personally. You say that “You just have to live with the fact that sometimes innocent people are convicted and much, much more frequently the miscarriage of justice is the other way round and guilty people are acquitted”. I have several objections to this statement, which, for clarity, I shall number. Such insouciance about wrongful convictions is not possible for prisoners and their loved ones, whose lives have been destroyed by wrongful convictions. Just try, Mr Ross, to imagine what it is like for them. How can you possibly know this? For this fact-like statement to be rational, let alone true, you would have to have some deus ex machina criterion that you knew to be more accurate than the decisions of juries. It is particularly important that you, with your social authority on crime, refrain from presenting your hunches as if they were established factors. Moreover, such evidence as there is goes against your hunch. Research on real British juries is legally impossible but Jack Heinz of Northwestern University, USA, recently reported a review study in which judges (in judge only trials) were wrong 12% of the time and juries 17%. When ‘false innocence’ is separated from ‘false guilt’ the situation is yet worse: juries convicted 25% of the innocent whilst judges convicted 37%! Juries acquitted only 10% of the guilty whilst judges were even worse, acquitting the guilty in 13% of cases. These figures are the exact contrary of your assumptions. The above information is taken from a posting on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation news website. Professor Heinz’ review of studies by his colleague Professor Spencer is published in the July 07 edition of the Journal of Empirical Legal Studies (to which, sadly, I do not have access). British evidence of miscarriages of justice as a routine feature of our system can be found on and . And Lord Woolf, extemporising at his retirement ‘bash’ was quoted as opining that the number of wrongly convicted people then in prison was “in the low thousands”. That must mean as least 2000! (About 1/40). I would remind you that our adversarial system is meant to convict only where there is no reasonable doubt, so as to give priority to avoiding wrongful convictions. It is not remarkable, therefore, that the guilty may be acquitted. It is remarkable that the innocent are, frequently, convicted. I shall not presume to expect a reply to this letter, Mr Ross, but, as being in jail is a bit like calling from the bottom of a well, I would be grateful if you would acknowledge receipt – an sae is enclosed and a c/s or similar will be sufficient. Yours sincerely Kevin Donaldson Website: www.kevindonaldson.co.uk #%žŸ­Ў№   Я а % ( Ž ‘ –  z { Ђ л і †‡™šжMN|ƒњћ-4|,-[\cкњ‘“”ЄЦШќјќ№јќьшьшьќьфьќьќьќьќьшьршршршрьрмќмимрмамшќшмЬќЬќЬќЬФЬшhВ;іhВ;і5hВ;іhJwˆhJwˆ>*hЃK˜hJwˆh}}Jhуhљхh-wєhU0ЦhU0ЦH*hU0ЦhuЇ9$%  я № A B   š›ежћќ\]†‡€‘’“§§§§§§§§ѕѕѕ№№№№№шулуууууу & FgdВ;іgdВ;і & Fgdљхgd}}J & Fgd-wєШ§“”ЄЦЧШњњњѕѕgdљхgdВ;і,1hА‚. 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