аЯрЁБс>ўџ .0ўџџџ-џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅС#` №ПbbjbjЁЁ .&УУbџџџџџџЄЄЄЄЄЄЄЄИ< < < < P ИД Жp p p p p p p p W Y Y Y Y Y Y jhв:Y Єy p p y y Y ЄЄp p n    y Єp Єp W  y W   ЄЄ p d VЁСбЧ< ƒ  W „ 0Д   l  Є Tp 0  " Т о ›p p p Y Y љ p p p Д y y y y ИИИ„< ИИИ< ИИИЄЄЄЄЄЄџџџџ Kevin Donaldson TB9549 G4 HMP Dovegate Uttoxeter ST14 8XR Mr Martin Nary Barnardo's Dear Mr Nary I have noticed with interest your current advertising campaign, which seems likely to encourage a return to fashion of residential care for difficult teenagers. Given the numbers of former problem boys and girls who, since the residential ‘cull’ of the eighties, have washed up in the prison system, this would be a welcome development. The theme of ‘not giving up on’ them is certainly very familiar to those who, like me, are late casualties of a system that, whatever else it did, exposed many of the most committed staff to hundreds of false accusations, decades later. If that disastrous history is not to be repeated, any resurgence of residential care for difficult teenagers must accommodate some vital differences from the seventies version as well as dealing with a later legal impediment to adequate care regimes. To deal with the latter first, the Children Act 1989 effectively made it illegal for staff to prevent absconding. In the seventies, the best of us accepted that good care of difficult teenagers had to embrace control. Workers, who sought to ‘care’ without also taking responsibility for control, were positively unhelpful. Regimes which refused to include control were the most likely to be grossly disordered and to constantly reject the most challenging young people. A clear commitment to sticking with kids and controlling their violence, absconding and other disruptive behaviour, could result in quite orderly regimes with supportive relationships among staff and residents. For this to happen in the future will require amendment of the law which would allow physical restraint as a last resort in preventing absconding. A successful resurgence of residential care would, in my opinion, also require: 1. Critical, well-researched, elaboration of the ‘guiding theory’ 2. A better appreciation of the real nature of some teenagers’ states of mind 3. Staffing levels around three times higher than was typical in the seventies 4. A thoroughgoing ‘Health and Safety’ approach to the dangers to staff of false accusations. This would have consequences for permanent record-keeping, staffing levels and reconciliation of effective practice with defensive practice. For obvious reasons the last point is said with feeling: never again should well-intentioned good people be exposed to the dangers and catastrophes suffered by my generation of carers. Nor, in respect of the (probable) minority of true allegations of abuse by carers, should children and young people be exposed to those dangers. The ‘guiding theory’ of seventies care (and, perhaps, that of Barnardo’s today?) was that troubled children and teenagers were products of abusive and/or neglectful and/or disordered family environments and reversal of their problems could be achieved by providing caring and therapeutic alternative care. I believe this has to be questioned in the cases of a significant minority of teenage candidates for care. The fact (if it is a fact) that a ‘state of mind’ has been caused by an abusive environment does not, logically or necessarily mean that it can be reversed (or cured, or modified) by later substitute care, however benign. Impressionistically, from my own experience I would suggest that at least 10% of teenagers admitted to the more specialised residential care regimes of the seventies could fairly be described as having psychopathic personalities. Whilst I am inclined to believe that these personalities were induced by abuse, I am even surer that the condition cannot be reversed solely by good quality care, however persistent. It is as if some vital requirement for ‘conscience’ is permanently stunted. I believe that effective care that is safe both for residents and for staff requires an ‘on the ground’ working ratio of about 3 staff to 8 residents. This requires a gross ratio of close to two employees for each resident. (I won’t bore you with the arithmetic). Staff working with difficult adolescents require courage, resourcefulness and commitment. They need to be able to engage with their carees with warmth and spontaneity. We now know that this is a hazardous undertaking that has scores of innocent people in jail many years later and hundreds more with their lives besmirched by false allegations. Any resurgence of residential care should give high priority to protecting these brave people. Such protection should be a legal requirement under Health and Safety legislation. It should be fully supported by high staffing levels, technology such as cameras and truly permanent recording systems that cannot be destroyed by employees ‘clearing out the archives’. Good luck with your campaign. Yours sincerely Kevin Donaldson Formerly Unit Leader, St Charles Youth Treatment Centre and Principal, Newfield House, Coventry 1978-1982 Website: www.kevindonaldson.co.uk JTUXŸЪЮдф „ ‰  #  € \ p € ˆ Б о ч | } Sх7:;|}ЧЪЫ uЛкhi,-—э ‹ЫЬДl…†џТУЩэє#7МСхŽќјќєќ№ќьќьќьќьќьќьќьќ№ьєьшєшќшєшфєшєш№єш№шєшфшр№р№рєр№рєрмриєдадєдидЬєЬаЬаЬаЬаЬдhlХhШF)hћ™h, ђhЄeˆhИ3ѓhЎ‹hќ+”h$= h’_вh–bЌh]chBP'1:;JUVWXYfgЙ К Ѓ Є } ~ цч7yЧђђђђђ№№№№№№№№№№№№№№№№№№№№№№№ „А„а^„А`„аgd’_вb§NO‚ЬЭУФŽ­ЎОПРСб;<^_`ab§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§ј§§§§gd{7ŽСб;_`bќєќ№ќьhЄeˆh{7hlХhlХ5hlХ,1hА‚. 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